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Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

Lakshmi PATHAK, Kavita SHAH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 506-521 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0601-z

摘要： This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.

关键词： BRICS CO₂ emissions energy policies renewable

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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 341-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014060

摘要： The healthy and stable development of energy efficiencies in existing buildings cannot be separated from effective policy operation, and evaluating policy effectiveness contributes to scientifically-sound government decision-making. This paper creates an evaluation index system and a grey comprehensive evaluation model for policy effectiveness for energy efficiency in existing buildings using three dimensions: 1) the effect of the policy itself; 2) the administrative effect of the policy; and 3) policy implementation effects. It chooses the government’s subsidy policy and preferential tax policy at market cultivation stage for its empirical comparative evaluation. The evaluation indicates that the former is more effective. Finally, it puts forward policy development suggestions from the perspective of: 1) clarifying incentive object; 2) broadening incentive scope; 3) increasing incentive intensity; and 4) innovating incentive mode.

关键词： grey comprehensive evaluation existing buildings energy efficiency policies effectiveness

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Electricity demand, GDP and employment: evidence from Italy

Cosimo MAGAZZINO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 31-40 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0296-8

摘要： This paper applies time series methodologies to examine the causal relationship among electricity demand, real per capita GDP and total labor force for Italy from 1970 to 2009. After a brief introduction, a survey of the economic literature on this issue is reported, before discussing the data and introducing the econometric techniques used. The results of estimation indicate that one cointegrating relationship exists among these variables. This equilibrium relation implies that, in the long-run, GDP and labor force are correlated negatively, as well as GDP and electricity. Moreover, there is a bi-directional Granger causality flow between real per capita GDP and electricity demand; while labor force does not Granger-cause neither real per capita GDP nor electricity demand. This implies that electricity demand and economic growth are jointly determined at the same time for the Italian case. The forecast error variance decomposition shows that forecast errors in real per capita GDP are mainly caused by the uncertainty in GDP itself, while forecast errors in labor force are mainly resulted from the labor force itself, although aggregate income and electricity are important, too.

关键词： energy policies electricity demand GDP labor force stationarity structural breaks cointegration causality Italy

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对我国煤炭工业产业升级及能源发展的建议

王安

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 143-147

摘要：

提升煤炭工业产业技术水平，转变煤炭生产增长方式，不仅是解决煤炭工业健康发展的需要，也是改善国家能源供给，保障能源安全的关键所在。煤炭产业升级总的方向和途径主要在结构优化和技术升级两个方面。神东以“四化”为基本特征的大型煤炭基地建设的成功实践，在“规模、模式、装备”3个方面带动了我国煤炭工业的发展，对煤炭产业升级具有重要的示范意义。要加快制定煤炭产业政策配套措施，积极引导产业升级，建立有利于统一管理的能源管理体制，推广神东模式，提高资源的采出率和矿产资源的利用率。

关键词：煤炭工业产业升级能源安全神东模式产业政策资源采出率利用率

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Review on environmental policies in China: Evolvement, features, and evaluation

ZHANG Kunmin, WEN Zongguo, PENG Liying

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0044-6

摘要： This article reviews the development of current environmental policies in China and the great progress made during 1979–2006. Applying lessons learned from industrialized countries to its own situation, China’s environmental policies have the following main features: (1) to explore command and control measures to their fullest extent, (2) to strive to raise funding for environmental protection, (3) to identify who should take accountability for environmental protection; (4) to encourage strategies of “combination of prevention and control” and “integrated utilization”, (5) to embrace openness in the field of environmental policy and early international cooperation. During the past 30 years, China’s environmental policies have evolved and deepened: status expanded the national basic policies of environmental protection by adding a sustainable development strategy, focus changed from pollution control to a combination of pollution control and ecological protection, method changed from end control to source control, scope changed form point source control to watershed and territory pollution control, and management style changed from primarily using executive power to using legal and economic measures. This article introduces how they are evaluated by the international community and provides the prospects of the policies.

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An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China: Policies, statistics, and future outlook

Deyi Hou, Guanghe Li, Paul Nathanail

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1027-x

摘要： There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated groundwater in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.

关键词： Groundwater pollution Contaminated land Groundwater remediation Emerging market

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北京市城乡节能节水政策中长期耦合效果分析

刘耕源,胡俊梅,杨志峰

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 120-129 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.007

摘要：

本文基于长期能源可替代规划系统模型（LEAP）与水资源评价和规划模型（WEAP）建立了城市的能水耦合模型，设立情景分析探讨北京市未来不同措施下城乡的节能/ 节水以及其耦合效果，并对结果进行敏感性分析。模型结果表明，未来北京市能源消费总量将逐年缓慢增长；按预测的供水能力则不会出现供需短缺。“十三五”期间节水政策的总节能量为1.00³×10⁶ tce，节能政策的节水量达到2.76×10⁸ m³。居民生活、服务业、建筑业、传统制造业的能源需求值与水需求值具有较好的相关性，是重要的能水耦合部门。对于不同情景不同时期的节能/ 节水效果而言，产业结构优化政策在短期可表现出较好的节能潜力；农业部门的灌溉技术革新与种植结构优化情景，在短期具有较好的节能与节水效果。对于能水节约的协同效应，其在服务业与工业部门节能情景中较明显；对于同一个部门的政策，调控用能强度的情景能水协同节约效应较明显。

关键词：北京市城乡节能节水政策耦合分析

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An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism for

LI Wei,HU Mengze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 316-328 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0625-5

摘要： Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies (EFPs) in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit (GC), green security (GS), and green insurance (GI) instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental management, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.

关键词： environmental finance policy integrated mechanism phased evolution implementation progress financial institution environmental management

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网络电子身份管理政策法规研究

邹翔,胡传平,方滨兴,陈兵

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 23-27 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.005

摘要：

本文对世界主要国家和地区网络电子身份管理的政策、法律法规等情况进行了全面分析与梳理，并结合我国网络身份管理发展国情，提出“十三五”期间我国网络电子身份管理政策法规的发展思路和建设性意见，以期为“十三五”期间我国网络身份管理发展政策法规的制定和修订工作提供借鉴和参考。

关键词：网络电子身份身份管理政策法规

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POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

摘要：

• Manure utilization is hindered by separate specialist crop and livestock production systems.

• Improving manure utilization requires organizations for manure exchange.

• Policies and action plans for improving manure utilization are critically reviewed.

• A manure chain approach with third-party contractors is recommended.

Livestock numbers in China have more than tripled between 1980 and 2017. The increase in the number of intensive livestock production systems has created the challenges of decoupled crop and livestock systems, low utilization of manures in croplands, and subsequent environmental pollution. Correspondingly, the government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to increase the sustainability of livestock production. This paper reviews the objectives of these policies and regulations and their impacts on manure management. Since 2017 there have been two policy guides to speed up the appropriate use of manures, three action plans for increasing manure recycling, and one technical guide to calculate nutrient balances. Requirements of manure pollution control and recycling for improved environmental performance of livestock production systems were included in three revised environmental laws. Most recent survey data indicate that the utilization of livestock manures was 70% in 2017, including that used as fertilizer and/or for production of energy. The targets for manure utilization are 75% in 2020 and 90% in 2035. To achieve these targets and promote ‘green livestock production’, additional changes are needed including the use of third-party enterprises that facilitate manure exchange between farms and a more integrated manure nutrient management approach.

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中国乡村转型与政策：过去的经验与未来方向

黄季焜

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 21-26 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.011

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Influence of entrainer recycle for batch heteroazeotropic distillation

Laszlo Hegely, Peter Lang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 643-659 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1760-5

摘要：

Dehydration of isopropanol applying batch heteroazeotropic distillation with toluene as entrainer (E) is investigated. The composition of the feed is near to that of the isopropanol (A)-water (B) azeotrope. The effects of recycling the entrainer and the off-cut are studied by dynamic simulation with a professional flow-sheet simulator. Three consecutive batches (one production cycle) is studied. Both operational modes (Mode I: decantation after distillation and Mode II: decantation during distillation) are simulated. For Mode II, calculations are performed both for Strategy A (distillate from the aqueous (E-lean) phase only) and Strategy B (partial withdrawal of the organic (E-rich phase), as well). The E-rich phase, the final column hold-up and the off-cut (Mode II only) are recycled to the next batch. The influence of the following parameters are determined: quantity of entrainer, reflux ratios of the steps. The variations caused by the recycling in the 2^nd and 3^rd batches are also shown. The best results (lowest specific energy demand and highest recovery of A) are obtained by Mode II, Strategy A. Recycling increases the recovery, and drastically diminishes the entrainer consumption. However, it makes the production slower and decreases the quantity of fresh feed that can be processed.

关键词： batch distillation heteroazeotropic distillation operational policies off-cut recycle entrainer

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杨承启：基于文本挖掘的能源与环境保护政策大数据研究（2020年7月11日）

2022年05月19日

关键词：环境能源

核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

会议日期： 2019年05月15日

会议地点：中国

主办单位：中国工程院

POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Sha WEI, Zhiping ZHU, Jing ZHAO, David R. CHADWICK, Hongmin DONG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 45-57 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020369

摘要： Livestock numbers in China have more than tripled between 1980 and 2017. The increase in the number of intensive livestock production systems has created the challenges of decoupled crop and livestock systems, low utilization of manures in croplands, and subsequent environmental pollution. Correspondingly, the government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to increase the sustainability of livestock production. This paper reviews the objectives of these policies and regulations and their impacts on manure management. Since 2017 there have been two policy guides to speed up the appropriate use of manures, three action plans for increasing manure recycling, and one technical guide to calculate nutrient balances. Requirements of manure pollution control and recycling for improved environmental performance of livestock production systems were included in three revised environmental laws. Most recent survey data indicate that the utilization of livestock manures was 70% in 2017, including that used as fertilizer and/or for production of energy. The targets for manure utilization are 75% in 2020 and 90% in 2035. To achieve these targets and promote ‘green livestock production’, additional changes are needed including the use of third-party enterprises that facilitate manure exchange between farms and a more integrated manure nutrient management approach.

关键词： integrated crop and livestock production manure utilization policy recommendations sustainability third-party service contractors